Background

August 20, 2010

The Devil in Miss or Mrs. or Ms. Jones???

Filed under: Intercultural — admin @ 9:55 pm

Although English speakers normally use first names far more often and more quickly than Germans, there are occasions where it’s better to stay with last names and titles.

With men this is easy.  There’s only one title and it’s Mr. However, with women it gets more complicated because there are three possibilities: Miss, Mrs. and Ms.

Use Miss for unmarried women.  Many Germans are hesitant to use Miss because it translates to Fräulein, which no German with any common sense would use with an adult woman. (For non-Germans reading this, the word Fräulein is reserved for little girls only.) However, Miss is used in English and some young, unmarried women prefer to be called by it.

Use Mrs. for married women only.  Again, some women prefer this title as it clearly shows they are married.

The title Ms. is used for married and unmarried women alike and is the equivalent of the German Frau. If you’re unsure of how to address a particular woman, you’re always safe using Ms.

August 15, 2010

Are You Gonna Go My Way?

Filed under: Grammar — admin @ 5:29 pm

When I ask my students how to form the future tense in English, they inevitably say something like, “Tomorrow I will call my mother.”  This is basically fine, but for most English speakers, it would be more natural to say, “Tomorrow I’m going to call my mother.”

What’s the difference between will and going to?  In general (and this is by no means a hard rule), English speakers use will for more spontaneous situations (e.g. Oh no, there’s no beer.  I’ll have to buy some later.)  and going to for planned situations (e.g. I’m going to buy some beer for the party on Saturday.).

In my experience, most Germans have very little practice using this going to construction, but it is the form that English speakers most often use when discussing the future.  So start practicing using going to!

One more thing I should add: English speakers almost never enunciate going to. More often it gets compressed into something like gonna.   For example, “Are you just gonna sit on the couch all day, or are you gonna get a job?!”  It even turns up in informal writing like e-mails or text messages.  This doesn’t mean gonna is good English, but it’s how English speakers really talk.

You’re just gonna have to get used to it.

Lenny Kravitz – Are You Gonna Go My Way


July 20, 2010

Bist Du Heiß?

Filed under: False friends — admin @ 9:02 pm

The recent hot weather here in Germany and my last blog entry about mistakes Germans make when translating from German to English made me remember an experience I had translating from English into German.

As an exchange student in 1994 in Bad Iburg, I remember sitting on a bus one day with other students from the Gymnasium.  It was hot that day, and in irritation I turned to the guy sitting next to me and said, “Ich bin heiß.  Bist Du auch heiß?”  In English, these sentences are harmless small talk.  However, when someone sitting behind us started laughing, I knew I had somehow made a mistake.  The guy next to me smiled and said in English, “‘Ist Dir heiß?’ is a better way to ask.”  It was only later that I learned what that question could mean in German!

July 12, 2010

Hahn im Korb?

Filed under: Translation errors — admin @ 10:18 pm

When Germans speak English, it’s only natural (especially in the beginning) to translate directly from German into English.

Sometimes this actually works.  For example, one can translate the German sentence Wenn ich die Zeit habe, spiele ich Fußball,  as When I have free time, I play football.

However, many times a literal translation doesn’t make any sense.  The English sentence That is me equal. is not the correct translation of Das ist mir egal. (The correct English sentence would be It doesn’t matter to me.)

Worse than nonsensical translations are the ones that have an unintended meaning.  Once, while teaching English to a group of only women, one of the ladies told me, “You know, Josh, you are a cock in a basket.”  She wanted to say that I was a Hahn im Korb. (For you English speakers, a Hahn im Korb is applied to the lone man in a group of women.)  The problem is that this saying doesn’t make sense in English.  What’s worse, the English word cock has two meanings.  One meaning is Hanh, but the other meaning (at least in the USA) is Pimmel.  Ooops… Unfortunately, I can’t think of any good English expressions for Hahn im Korb — I can only tell you it’s not cock in a basket!

June 28, 2010

Is it ‘clothes’ or ‘clo-this’?

Filed under: Pronunciation — admin @ 7:12 pm

Although Germans rarely have perfect pronunciation when speaking English, it’s usually no problem understanding them.  Sure, Germans can’t really say the word refrigerator or psychiatrist, but those words are tough, even for some English speakers! (Incidentally, any German who wants to give an English speaker a hard time need only ask him or her to say the word schwül or, worse, Eichhörnchen – these two are nearly impossible for English speakers.)

The word clothes, however, is another matter.  I’ve seldom met a German who can pronounce the word correctly. Here’s how to say it:

Clothes. Look at that guy! He’s not even wearing any clothes.

It’s one syllable not two.  I have no idea why Germans almost always say it as clo-this.

June 25, 2010

I am Christ

Filed under: False friends — admin @ 4:47 pm

English and German have the same roots.  They are, in a sense, cousin languages.  That’s why many of the basic words in both languages are almost the same:

  • Haus = house
  • Feuer = fire
  • Mutter = mother
  • Herz = heart

And so on and so on.   However, in both languages there are many other words that look the same but actually have different meanings.  These are sometimes called false friends.  For German speakers learning English (or English speakers learning German for that matter) this can get confusing!

Here are a few memorable false friends I have heard while teaching.

Two of the most commonly confused words are become and bekommen.  I once had a secretary tell me, I became a baby when I was 20 years old. Here’s the problem:

  • become = werden
  • get = bekommen

That poor secretary’s sentence in German would have been, Mit 20 bin ich ein Baby geworden. (For your information, the correct sentence in English would be, When I was 20, I had a baby.)

An engineer once came to one of my English classes late.  He told me, I’m sorry but I had to talk to my chef. Naturally, I was a bit confused.  After all, why would an engineer have a meeting with a chef? Again, here’s the problem:

  • chef = Koch
  • boss = Chef

Last but not least, I once had a manager casually tell me, I am Christ. Wow!  Really?!  Do the other people in your office know this?   Of course, what he really wanted to say was, Ich bin Christ. In English that would be, I am a Christian.

  • Christ = Jesus Christus
  • Christian = Christ

June 19, 2010

Writing the Numbers One and Seven

Filed under: Writing mistakes — admin @ 6:22 pm

Be careful when writing ones and sevens in English.  For example, a German will normally write the number seventeen as follows:

In contrast, English speakers will write their seventeens like this:

The problem is that a German one often looks like an English seven.  And many English speakers won’t even recognize a German seven.

June 12, 2010

Why Can’t Germans Form Lines?

Filed under: Intercultural — admin @ 5:36 pm

In the English speaking world, Germans have a reputation for orderliness.  In fact, Germans commonly greet each other with the phrase, “Alles in Ordnung?”  (This literally means, “Is everything in order?”)

I’m always suprised, then, by how Germans never seem to form orderly lines (or queues as their called in Britain) at the bakery, at the bus stop, etc.

Germans also have no compunctions about cutting in front of others, too.  You’re waiting to tell the woman at the bakery what you would like?  Watch out for that little old lady sidling up beside you!  You might suddenly find her standing in front of you.  I used to think to myself, “Well, she’s old and just didn’t see me.”  However, this has happened so many times over the years that I’m now convinced otherwise!

June 8, 2010

American Arrogance?

Filed under: Intercultural — admin @ 9:53 pm

While teaching an English class in Düsseldorf, I once had a student — a man who was originally from Chile — ask me why people from the United States called themselves Americans.

“I’m an American, too.  I’m from South America,” he went on to say.  “So are people from Brazil and Canada and Guatemala.  But people from the USA at the only ones who say that they’re Americans.”

He sat back, smiling.

I have to admit, it was something I’d never considered.  Was this another example of American arrogance?  There are millions of people living in North and South America, but we’ve seized the word American for ourselves?

Well…not really.  The problem is that there’s no alternative to American.

Let me explain:

People from Ireland are Irish.
People from Kenya are Kenyan.
People from Germany are German.
People from Brazil are Brazilian.
People from the United States are, uh, United Statsian???

See, it doesn’t exist!

I turned back to my student — my Chilean – ready to explain why Americans call themselves, well, Americans.  But first I asked him, “What do people from Chile call people from the United States?”

His smiled broadened and he said,  “Americano.”

He must have seen the exasperation on my face because he added quickly, “Or gringo if you prefer.”

June 6, 2010

Must or Have to?

Filed under: Grammar — admin @ 7:03 pm

The German modal verb müssen translates two ways into English. One can translate müssen into must, and one can translate müssen into have to.

Naturally, many students want to know if there’s a difference between must and have to.  In fact, there really isn’t much of a difference in meaning.

For example, take the following German sentence:

  • Ich muss meiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk kaufen.

In English, there are two possible translations:

  • I must buy my mother a birthday present.
  • I have to buy my mother a birthday present.

For all practical purposes, both of these sentences mean the same thing.

German speakers normally use must much more often than have to because must is similar to müssen.

However, native English speakers use have to much more often than must.  Why? There are at least two good reasons. In English, must has no past or future form.

Let’s look at our original example, but in the past tense:

  • Gestern musste ich meiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk kaufen.

What would this be in English?

  • Yesterday I had to buy my mother a birthday present.

The only possibility for this sentence is a from of have to.

What about the original example in the future tense?

  • Morgen werde ich meiner Mutter ein Geburtstagsgeschenk kaufen müssen.

Again the only possibility is to use have to.

  • Tomorrow I’m going to have to buy my mother a birthday present.

For may German speakers, the have to construction sounds strange, but it’s really not.  In fact, if you want your speech to sound more natural, then you should make an effort to use have to when you mean müssen.